En 



Glass Tt\m 



Classes in E 

EDITED 

Each Volun 

1 Bjtoii's Prof 

2 Milton's L'Al 

roso. 

3 Liord Bacon' 

Moral. 

4 Byron's Pris< 

5 Moore's Fire- 

.Rookh. Se) 
and II.) 

6 Goldsmith's : 

7 Scott's Marni 

(Selecti 

8 Scott's Lay ol 

(In trod 

9 Burns' Cotte: 

and Other 

10 Crabbe's The 

11 Campbell's P 

(Abridgment or .ran, i.j 

12 Macaulay's Essays on Bunyan's 

Pilgrim's Progress. 

13 Macaulay's Armada, and other 

Poems. 

14 Shakespeare's Merchant of Ten- 

ice. (Selections from Acts I., 
III. and IV.) 

15 Goldsmith's Traveler. 

16 Hogg's Queen's Wake. 

17 Coleridge's Ancient Mariner. 

18 Addison's Sir Roger deCoverley. 

19 Gray's Elegy in a Country 

Churchyard. 

20 Scott's Lady of the Lake. 

(Canto I.) 

21 Shakespeare's As You Like It, 

etc. (Selections.) 

22 Shakespeare's King John and 

King Richard II. (Selections.) 

23 Shakespeare's King Henry rv.. 

King Henry V., King Henry 
VI. (Selections.) 

24 Shakespeare's Henry VIII. and 

Julius Caesar. (Selections.) 

25 Wordsworth's Excursion. 

(Book I.) 

26 Pope's Essay on Criticism. 

27 Spenser's Faerie Queene. 

(Cantos I. and II.) 

28 Cowper's Task. (Book I.) 

29 Milton's Comus. 

30 Tennyson's Enoch Arden. 




Book ,K31i 



mar, etc. 

RS. 

y and 



Carol. 

Prophet. 
Hastings. 

Voir. 

Women, 
pper r 



s Feast and 

t. Agnes, 
of Sleepy 
mouow. 

Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare 

Le Row's How to Teach Read- 
ing. The author of this 1 1 
has had long and 
periencein teachingthis s 

Webster's Bunker Hill Orations. 

The Academy Orthoepist. A 
Manual of Pronunciatl 
use in the School-room, includ- 
ing a special listof ; 
of frequent occurrence in litera- 
ture, science and art. 

Milton's Lycidas, and Hymn on 
the Nativity. 

Bryant's Thanatopsis, and other 
Poems. 

Ruskin's Modern Painters. 

The Shakespeare Sj>. 

ctions from Shakes 

for declamation. 
Thackeray's Roundabout 

Papers. 
Webster's Oration on Adams 

and Jefferson. 
Brown's Rah and His Friends. 
Morris'sLife and Death of Jason. 
Burke's Speech on American 

Taxation. 
Pope's Rape of the Lock. 
Tennyson's Elaine. 
Tennyson's In Mcinoriam. 



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Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute, and author of'- A Text-Book on Khet- 
000." "A Text-Book on English Literature.' 7 and one of the authors of Reed & Kellogg' a 
" Graded Lessons in English. " and " Higher Lessons in English. 11 32mo. cloth, flexible. 

The text of these plays of Shakespeare has been adapted for use in mixed c 
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Effingham Maynard & Co., Publishers, New York. 



A 

KEY 

Containing Diagrams 

OF THE 

SENTENCES GIVEN FOR ANALYSIS 

IN 

Reed and Kellogg's Graded Lessons in English, 
and Higher Lessons in English. 



1 s 



Alonzo Eeed, A.M. 



Brainerd Kellogg, A.M. 



NEW YORK: 

Effingham Maynard k Co., 

771 Broadway and 67 & 69 Ninth Stkf.kt. 



Ttun 



PUBLISHERS" NOTICE. 



For some years Messrs. Reed and Kellogg have been engaged upon 
a reference book for teachers and students of English. They are 
pushing it on to completion as rapidly as possible. Of that hook this 
"Key," which is now issued separately and in advance, will form a 
part. 

The reference book is designed primarily for teachers, hut an edition 
of it without the "Key" will be printed for general use. The work 
will contain, in addition to the "Key."' 

(1) A short history of our Alphabet : 

(2) A succinct account of the English Language : 

(3) A history of the several Parts of Speech in their development 
from the Anglo-Saxon ; 

(4) A discussion of those grammatical difficulties not treated by 
the authors in their Lessons in English ; 

(5) A short treatise on Punctuation : 

(0) An appeal to the usage of the best modern writers for judgment 
respecting words, phrases, and constructions condemned by critics, 
and respecting many not condemned by them. A- i- seen, this (6} 
compels immense and careful reading, and will show not what some 
think should be good English, but what really is. 

The work thus outlined will, it is hoped, settle some questions that 
are disquieting not only teachers but many writer- and speaker — 
questions that these persons have nol the time nor the means to settle 
independently and for themselves. 



Copyright, 1889. by Alonzo Reed and Bbainsbd Kell 



LC Control Number 



tmp96 027993 




TO TEACHERS. 



We hope that no teacher will permit this "Key" to limit his 
exercise of the right to individual judgment. 

Without being ambiguous or faulty in any way, a writer's lan- 
guage may often admit of slightly different interpretations requiring 
different analyses. In the analysis of sentences, peculiar construc- 
tions are frequently found, concerning the exact logical force of which 
it would be imprudent to dogmatize. In cases where the grammatical 
form and the logical force do not correspond, some teachers would 
be guided by the form, others by the force. From failing to recog- 
nize these facts there sometimes arise discussions that result only 
in serious loss of time and much unpleasantness. 

We would not, however, discourage the closest consideration of 
questions leading to a more careful examination of the logical and 
the grammatical construction of the sentence. 

The analyses indicated by the diagrams in this book have been 
made with care, and we have reasons for our conclusions ; yet we 
are aware that in some of these conclusions we differ from other 
students of language for whose scholarship and judgment we have 
the highest regard. 

Of the teachers using our Lessons in English there are many 
who, while not lacking in scholarship or in ability to think for them- 
selves, find it a satisfaction to know how far their judgment on 
certain questions may coincide with ours. Our inability to men by 
personal correspondence the natural and Legitimate requests of this 
rapidly increasing host of friends has led to the issue of this book. 

Reed and Kellogg. 





Graded Lessons 


;» 


English. i 




LESSON 


20 


, 


1. 


wind , is howling 


9. 


oa£ , was uprooted 


2. 


leaves , fall 


10. 


wo&tf , was crushed 




3. 


clouds , lotoer 


11. 


sfa^6 was carved 


^i 


4. 


elm . bends 


12. 


torrent , roared 


>> 


* % 


5. 

6. 


men , must die 

V 

bellows , roared 


13. 


shepherds , /tea* 
V 




7. 


silence , reigned 


14. 


lightning , flashes 


8. 


Arthur . was murdered 


15. 


m«o' , <7?v broken 


—r h 2 - 


V V V" 



Graded Lessons in English. 





LESSON 


22. 




1. 


mo?'« , advances 7. 




greyhound , trow r< /- aa d 

S» -J 

V > 


\^ 


2. 


6oon , wa.< obtained g 




?vd« , f* falling 


^ 


3. 


firmness . ivas displayed 




WOfcA &a« /„>/, sata 




4. 


eartA , smiles -\(\ 




/ | 7/!7?v escaped 


. X V 


5. 


11* 
voyages . Mrera ?//rt<7<- 




positions , rr/;^ fe defended 




\ \|» 




x> 




!•>* 


iiscussions ,.-A" iroided 




i 


V 


G. 


mastiff - mtttft fe sea/red 






V T is. 

* See note 1. 




building , Has fallen 





Graded Lessons in English. 



LESSON 24. 



He . spoke 



clouds . are moving 



She | chaftrTiri 



zoaves , dash 



They , searched 



-^ questions . may be settled 



I , shall know 



bobolink , sings 



12. 



soldier , fought 



ranks , were broken 

— rr~" — ^rr — 



wind | bloics 



crowd . cheered 



victory , wfl.y ?t' 



1 ."). /ww , stole 



Graded Lessons in English. 



LESSON 25. 



ttrind , fib /It* 



men , hare fought 



3^ Quakers , were persecuted 



debt . will b, jxihl 



he i will return 



10. Ti*it(»' I »'''^ ^' 



Wg , la>u,hed 



j-j project t was sustain* d 



'■■■" - ' 



\% V- \-i 



12 # 7»fl» | was perm, -'/frd. 



Graded Lessons in English: 



LESSON 27. 



I plough-boy , ])lods 



opera/ion . was performed 




2. water . gashed 



patient ■ suffered 



3, time .was wasted 



(^ story . wg,<? told 



4_ # ff/^ i decided 



10^ sto?'y , was fogd 



Few i should listen 



1 



jjn<?<? , ?{■<?£ j?g^ 



sentences \ must be built 



12 ted& i dresses 



Graded Lessons in English. 



l t You nv/st diagram 



LESSON 28. 

8. 



clouds , or-' tingling 



2, sheaves , are gathered 



o laics ! harr !*■■» /;y,fiat,d 






3^ icheat | is garnered 



V \ 



iq gorernin, nt , ?/v7* < sfablislud 



4 # fairies . mr<? ga#i# 



* 



11 TO/? , /^W h-in h an; sled 

V \J — " 






j£ She I 7?»7/7 //.>-// nailing 



advent aver , /w.* returned 



j;3 > season ■ //<W /*-- t y& knoirn 



V\V 



wood* , rand 

It - 



11 rAv/7 , <v/// &< <e,n>in> nd- d 

' — t- -1 — 1, u — * 



Graded Lessons in English. 





LESSON 


31. 


1. 


gorilla . Zifl^s 

\ Africa 


7. 


steeples , pierced 

\ village \^ 


\ 


X ' -V^ 


2. 


It 1 rains 


8. 


(/toom , settled 

\ whiter \ everything 


\^ \ jBf/.yp* 


3. 


Pilgrims . landed 

\ Plymouth 


9. 


breeze \ blotvs 

\ \ SOM<7l 


4. 


grass , sparMed 


10. 


temple , was destroyed 

\ Solomon 


\ %7ti! 


\ 


5. 


5roo£ | ran 


11. 


top , i«? covered 


' \ \ bridge 


\ mountain \ 
\ \ _ \ snow 


G. 


12. 

Burqoyne , surrendered 

1 V 

\ Sam top a. 


Continental Congress , convened 
^ \ \ 



Graded Lessons in English. 



LESSON 34. 



V*. Va. 



nanus . should b, r/i/i 



Dntjj \ 



2 landscape , Avy 

V \v' 




g .-j;?- , is composed 



3^ Columbus . was I 



a forces were routed 

'— r: — H v — 



\* 



Hannibal \ Scipio 




Sou/I, America 



- capital is 

\ ^Vfic I'orfc \ Hudson 



j (> laurels , w?/*/ //>- ^yf^ 



icamor \ Hmea \ Hood 



q s/ifos , sail 




j^ _ ?<o;v/ should ber/in 



sentence \ fatfi r 



22. subject . is pi q col 



sentence \\ \* predicate 



Graded Lessons in English. 



LESSON 35. 



6. seasons , 



-is >+■ 



g^ Washington 



Lafayette 



fought 



fashion 



g # tables 



fluttered 



will be ro\iro.7 



gold 




5. wq6 i / **' 




Graded Lessons in English. 



1 band 

V2. \i»L f \ n 

.> Lightning 

electricity \/ 


overpou 

were i 
was at 

e found 

\. 

\ 


LESSON 

ered 

r>. _ 

dentified 

\ Fn, „/.■),„ 


36. 

war 
8. 

10. 
11. 




\\ \ Yurkhjirn 

7. -■'"* 

//<//« | has fled 


3 success 


Ah 

I , a/n surpri* d 


iticipated 


failure */ 


\ MUM 


i men 


•>/•<- , .v7/r/ 7 ' drown 




FfcftoM 

yow , «/'t '//■. anting 




Hurrah 

fit Id . it ?rr/» 


r T7/;x>?^ ! X: 




N •> 


% 



Graded Lessons in English. 



II 



LESSON 39. 



7 water , is \ tasteless 
1 Ccesar ■ crossed \ Rubicon \ I 



2. Morse ■ invented i telegraph 



hare | ?..< \ timid 



3 # Ericsson , built: f 3Tonifor 



9 s Fawns ■ are \ graceful 



a Hume i ztvofe i history 

i y 



5 # J/om ■ piirplcs | f«j?f 



10 # ffiflc^ | is \ delicious 



l± t lie | icas\ prodigal 



G. A?>fnn}/ . beheaded \ 



22. rfl/A?/ . ?.»? \ fertile 



Graded Lessons in English, 



LESSON 42. 



1 Brutus , stabbed i Cmar 2. ^^ | is ^ «"'"'"' 



3 Washington . captured , Comwallh 
^ Wellington . defeated , Xa/xj/eon 



r^ Balboa ■ discovered. \ Pacific ocean 



H Vulcan I rcc^f \ blacksmith y summer ■ /'«•* fr"'/* \ ?v»'/', 



a * Columbus ■ yngtfi i voyages 



g mew? ■ reflects , %//< * <r 




j^ rice-president ■ ?r^ \ John Adams 



1^ X \ t'/U^>/ .SV^..9 

i?Pff<?r Williams i ?<y/.? \ founder N& 



BAocft fsland 



Graded Lessons in English. 



13 



19 Harvey , discovered, , circulation 




\* V 




\ 6Zo«? 


\<\ Diamonds . or 


3 \ combustible 




-1 < Napoleon , cZ^r/ \ prisoner 




V y 


IK - «« 


\ 67. 3e?«Ul 


p-toorf , was landed 


^r 


w \ \ 




^ \ .5/rtycs V \ J am ™ to V™ 


\ #19 




LESSON 44. 


a earth 




moon \/ 


«« x Planets *• mMr \ | is N " irt "'-«?" f 


^ 


K Jefferson . ioas chosen * president 




1 \v 




\ \ Z7httaZ States 


\ 


6.- 


Nathan Hale , tf/tv? \ martyr 




V \ 




\ ittoty 


7 wan. 1 s/oort 


\ speechless « Za/w , disaraces , man 


V 


1 ^ 



H 



Graded Lessons in English. 



< J# Ar\si„th 



Is , uur>- \ philosophers 



Ie>sephus wrote i history 



1 1 man , seems \ hn <l<r 



> 



ronplefes ! predicate 



^\ 



12, complement ■ / C| 



belongs 



jg Zord GornwaUi* , became \ governor 

\ m defeat 



1\_ t multitude 



■ -/ i lira ni;hi* 




Graded Lessons in English. 



Peter Mirnnts 




OVt. 



LESSON 45. 



I W^ted | Pompey q. g^o,^ . is \ ygm 

\ Pharmlia \ \L\& 



4 # Greeks , foo£ t Troy 

\ strntarj, ,a 



5. cable . unites t / ~| 



K ffq^fe r joined | army 



T 



crossed , Atlantic 



Sun Salvador 



Graded Lessons in English 



g, Vulcan ■ made \ arms 



(j Ci nin hi H , r/fi'tii'il | victor >/ 

- 




Roy ul tuts 



y>f"-hy V 



]Q t Columbus I iva/t \ native 



H # (,0<l ■ tai<[>Ts | wind 



12. hour 



gold 



grinds 



24 fanner , bought 




15, America i ha$ furnished , / j potato 



T 



Graded Lessons in English. 



17 





LESSON 46. 






2 navy . brought 


1 gold 




3. , 


career 


I was ^ s/ior^ 


Y\L \ 


3, 






v^. \ 


s= 


\ Hiram 


\ 0;;/u> 








\ Cromwell 


X ranges , run \ 

w 


■parallel 




5. 


boat 


, glides 


\ 






T 




\ xl 


\ coast 










~T 


^ judge - presided 














7. 


bee 

V 


\a \ 


1 <W<? 


X- 










\ eeZZs 


% V 


S Umbrellas . ^£><?re introduced 








\ sizes 


V s V" 




\S \ China 






>k 




\ England 












f). 


settlement 


1 was wacfe 




T 


_* \* 


V* \ 


\S 


\ Jamestown 


. 


social 










/ 




11. 


summits , 


ire covered 


m. «»f«( | zs \ /*; 


kind 




"V 


^ 1 


V 




v 1 \ \~' 






V 


\ 


X? 


\ V*" N- 


cheerful 








lips \ mow 


\ religion 










^% 



i8 



Graded Lessons in Emrlish. 



12, months . w< n named 

July v Juliut 





T l A a i j ns> mi Cteiar 



13 /.•/'/< .7$ | c/?v railed \ Tharaoh 

\ E'WPt \ Scripture 



shade 



/r 

/ ! food 

l± t bamboo i furnishes \ / \ houses 
\ \ \ j veapons 



\ 



clothing 



LESSON 48. 



1. rai/vTk I is \ genial 
V \ _ parting \ glow 



o. general ■ 7> </ i at fork 



thought 




T 



3, balloon , was lost 



4 Wealth | ?n7/ /)?/)?>- \ c//;>-<; 




Graded Lessons in English. 19 



5. 


rt thief . surrendered 
sun | dispelled , mists , a \ ' 

Y^- \%. \%. \ V&i/ detected \^ 


officer 






7 7%e# , boarded \ vessel 

\ <*. 






\ harbor 








ft territory \ teas called \ New Netherlands 






\ \*'med 




Vg 








\ Dutch 








o Washington , attacked P Hessians 

\*ina crossed , Delaware ^ VYongd 


Trenton 


10. 


Bvrgoyne , surrendered 

\ \ 

\*ing been surrounded \ Gefl £ ato; 






\ Saratoga 




11, Pocahontas , 'was married 


\rd \ John 


Rolfe 


1 \ 

\ Eiialishman 



20 Graded Lessons in English. 





V> -A 


•uq i ZOM 


i /"/'■' 


\'\ 


,=.. \*late<l y 






\ ghoulders 


V 






' H 






1 3 armies 


i rfo awaken \ admiration 




IV 


K 


\ % 




\ 


England \~j 


\ JBuropi 






LESSON 49. 


1. 


\ — \ 




o Z 1 t\ '• 




V V \ talk 


\ hear | d 




<x desire , 


leads 






- 






\_ 


excel \ e «i/yi< 




i Dr Franklin 


i tiuu nent 

\ 








\-z \ solicit i aiti 








\ France \s 








\ rol< mien 




refuse t /\ 


V§ 


1 * 


n hands 


\jpe_ 


s 




,_2T 


1 is \ a// 

\ zyc 



Graded Lessons in English. 



obtain \ freedom 



q Romans x ivere \ unable 

\ X*fn ff conquered , teorM \ conquer , themselves 



10. Xarraez i sailed 



conquer , Florida 



11. savages ■ fo?-<? i 



12 # Andre /r Jackson , was inaugurated 

■ted 

succeed \ J. Q. - 1 d,r in x 




LESSON 53. 

1 fffanf/ 1 {Jupiter) has \ moons 



Emperor (Xero) , 7m,? \ tyrant 



22 



Graded Lessons in English. 



3 # mother i lay \ nek 



4 ostrich . outrun* , 



5 nephew (Arthur) ■ flad , r/qjm 




q Milton ( ;?o<?f ) I became \ blind 



% ■ 



y m Ccmar ■ gave \ daughter (Julia ) 

w * 



o Lond on ( capi tal) ^ is \ city 

\ Engla nd % V \ 




9.. Joseph ( son ) , was sold 



T 



T 



II ) # Alexander the (in at ■ was , <!«.■, it, d 



lophcr (Arisloth) 

Y V 



Graded Lessons in Ensrlish. 



23 



11 Friends , tie i pi 


rses 


\ % 

\ thread 


^ 




19 Omar \ married \ Cornelia 


( daughter) 


1 
alas 

14. _ 


V \ 


\ 
Zo?-<5 | rw/es 1 kingdom 


13. fftte 1 was\ deplorable 


\ sword 


LESSON 55. 


\ toad I spends \ winter 

V x > 

\ state 


Priete t betrays \ mind 
\_or_Ai. V % 
Y,. \ beauty f 

\ dm? 


^\ 




q cz^/ [ fo N situated 

\ London \ 




riper Thames 


\- 


± Napoleon Bonaparte , was bon 




\ X 




\? \ island 


\ \ Mediterranean 



24 



Graded Lessons in English. 







- opinions , 


?'ff?7/ 






\ 


6 






% 


V 


6. 


Ammonia ■ is 


Jovnd 


\ intermix 






and\ 


g 






\ V 








\ ^- \ ./"i^* 
























\ sop y» \^. 




» v. V \ vegetable* 


7. 


Ea rlh , sends 


i 7»/to«. 


i" , trusted \ him 


^ \ 


v>\V 






\£ \^k \ praise 


V?- 






\ Creator 


\e>iitt/ been </• 






' \ 


\ 






o ^sop ( author) , tea* \ sJaw 


10. 


i/o/>e | tftm^s 




\_ ,f:- v /- / 


\ 




\ \ 










v° 






'■z. 


\ c/tfier | hour 






\ 


smiles NJ* \©_ 








\ pain 








11 Clouds t are 


N collections 

V" 
\ vapors 




Y_ 




V 








\ air 




A 


\« 






v> / N 


\ , was \ jmde 


\ 




' 



Graded Lessons in English. 



25 



13 # Greece ( country ) , exceeded , half 




LESSON 56. 




Civility , is \ result 




struct , rcpresinJutiors 



4 quantity ■ presents t di. 




26 



Graded Lessons in English. 



q m people. . were \ source 
Y yVerfy' Quakers 




f % Mayflower ■ brought \ 





1~ \ ■ discovered | con tin (/it 
n ( Sebastian )</ \ fi xk. 



10. worth ■ is \ 



re Urine/ 




H t Jonah ( pro/ the t ) . preeidted 



Graded Lessons in English. 



27 





sat 


19L* soldier . 


y^\ \ .J,, 


\' talked 1 nighV 


\ ^ .toy \^ 
\<Zde 1 A 




LESSON 57. 


-1 He 1 may read 

x. ^ |_^: 


9 J/rm 1 is N animal 


that\ 1 runs 


\i weeps 


3 Henry Hudson 


.• discovered 1 fi?)«r 


d. He , remains v wea# 


which\ . bears t name 


«>Ao \ | tries \ exertion 




r meridians | are \ dixies 


a He 1 must he ruled 

\ 
who \ 1 will be ruled \& 

\ rudder 


that\, extend 

\ pole 


*Sce note 3. 





Graded Lessons in English, 



7 Animals \ are cal l ed \ vertebrates . . 7 . T . 

«• -r 1 — ^ g # head ■ lt<-s N In-usij 

that s % hare i backbone ± , A 

1 S ~ J r- Mflf >, | ?/>«/■,« | ct-mrn 



mints i w< raus'd 



?r/,?W?\ | prevail V^"' 



neighborhood 



Newfoundland 



10 power ■ Ztofcfe i earth 

'% 



■ichich s I brings \ pin 



fl round 



T 



1L ZAy///; , ?.-■ \ <■<////>/ 



12. friends ■ r/?-i N M6y 




; \ 

: help | 


vs 




\ 


mend 


, (Aam 



Graded Lessons in English. 



29 



LESSON 59. 



\ m dew 1 glitters 

ft 1 



<m X shines 



9. Printing , was \ unknown 



Homer <\ wrote 1 JZigrZ 



g # spider . g^c&g , ,pois<: 



j\ gKgfcg 



j. few_i_shall 



<feri£ A can come 



q they ( g# ). x ^i 
"Ail 



^\ 

angels i /ear 1 A 



o eniotion , dies 

— K 



I i\ look 




Mos es 1 c o mes 

— V 



tale i\ is doubled 



TV 



10 man , jyjfgfr 



great 



he \ /fliwfo 



30 



Graded Lessons in English. 



\2. sceptre . shall depart 



fool \ dieth 



^ 



Judah v 3* 



Shi loft S 



LESSON 61. 



1 # Scotch | «>•<?; \ j*?c>pfe 



That 

o ?>;<%>/; i' i.y marie 



/\ I ?* acknowledged /\ . i* believt d 




Julius Cecmr , invaded t Britain 



\ , is \ fact 



^ # children r should obey [Jgorenfa 



jifir, /,( 



I | fr//OW | 



Graded Lessons in English. 



3* 



soul 1! is \ immortal 



Plato ■ taught 



that 
g % mountain 1 \icould 1 



Mahomet t found \ 



10. aw£ ■; s&a^ S<? 6?ong 



that 

he \ \knew 1 -Ewe? 



Peter 1 denied 



■ denied \ 



taxation ■; is \ unjust 



\ rep resen tation 

principle , was \ /\ 



2/QM ,\may be saved 



11. desire 



■ I ?g N 



12. resurrection ■; fc 



"T 



(feat? 



3^ 



Graded Lessons in English. 



LESSON 62. 



Morning , dawns 



.) Prayer , hmi> | In art 



clouds i disperse \ 



answer i turneth \ wrath 



words ■ s^> 'i anger 



4^ Power , works 



fretting . j.< i\ confi^ion 



% 



Many , yn<W 



} fettf 






(5. ]rg |, ^ 



satellites , nrnlc, 



T 



■ maketh \ father 



«w i ; ts 



ni \* 



" 1 \ otWtf « 

planets i ' ?»#?•<; 





Graded Lessons in English. 



33 



man , would be] \ old 

"^ 



10. Pride j aoeth 

\_qnd_ ^ 
Spirit j X| \" dest ruction 



T-^r 




11, Towers ■> are measured 

i and V 



12. Worth I makes \ man 

land \ 

want i x j i fellow 



LESSON 64. 

1 Wickedness [is ma de \ su bstltut. 



o Alfred ■ was \ prince 

~ I \* www 

y N&. \s 
% % X% 



throne t trembles 

1~\t — V 






^f 



Demosthenes > speaks 



^\ 



is \ axiom 



if 



34 



Graded Lessons in English. 



n. Pride is \ flou-t-r 



\ T 



that\, grows 



garden 



Y^, \ forms 



g < people ■ rejoice 



righteous ,\ are 



n people . mourn 



wicked X bearelh \ rule 



11. ?n«n . is \ 



1 ricft 


* 


; «^Vc< 


> • 


| anqust 


% 


wonderful \° 




% 



WT — 

\J- \j£orW_ 



LESSON 65. 



]_ t Politeness ■ is \ oil 



^T 



apAigj , li/bricaffs , wJieels 



Graded Lessons in English. 



35 










liberty 
liberty 




g mind . is \ field 


2 

andry 


4. 


crimes , 


are committed 


% 

day I 
\S\ # . 


\name_ 

i,? \ tea/" 

V \ 

'(/e \ histoni 


\ sow , i< 1 


/ 


\ trifles 1 
\ | is !v ^ ws & 


1 \% 














sun \ shines 






that 






G. 


Ae , \ had discovered i continent 








v \\ 




Columbus 


i tf£<i £mo«j 


, A 






\ 




7 TFAo , invented , 

i 


•printing 








sMfi^ec^ , W 05 \ /\ 










\a \ ' 










\ inquiry 










8. . 


tongue , i 


5 covered 








\ 


thousands 






S«£ 


>- 


\ chi 


\ cones 






9. / j 


riot-icheel 

V 


l\V» 


I dtt^ 


v \ 4 

V i 

\| saia* , 




\ Mro«< 



3<5 



Graded Lessons in English. 



iq Vir Humphrey Gilbert , went 



11 Charity 




it i should stay 



vessel ( Squirrel ) 




LESSON 100. 



Thou , gftgfl take | n^tf /• or \ ^^ tafo 






Lord ( ffo<i ) 



x , Strike 



/o<? \ expires 



g^ yba ■ wrong \ 



Graded Lessons in English. 



37 



4. we I 



we , Shall gather , strength 

irresolution 




5. we \\ 



n. X ■ Give i liberty 



O Lord 

~ mercy , is 

\ and i 



1 1 reacheth 



clouds | poured \ water 




9^ heavens ■ declare | righteousness 

Y* [and_ Y 

people ■ ggg ; | yfo7-y 

T1? \T. 



are \ objects 

\and\% 



^ \^ 



38 



Graded Lessons in English. 



(five I flour 



\ beginning 



VK 



< j 6/v//< 
• ;" ^ ? 

yo?< i grind ■ corn ' „ , 

1 ""■ \ God 



fool ■ fifo^S t \ which 




Xerxes x commanded '\ army 



+ 



//*</< \| wa.? brought 

i. 



14 # /ares ■ would cease \ 



\*. 



a?m?j ate ■ ' would die 



% V 



15. Liquids , press 



^ X acted upon ( or ^ 

\ gravity 



\ 



* See note 4. 



Graded Lessons in English. 



39 



ig Matter \ exists state 



-«« blending , produces -, light 



1>W 



j§ ' Soap-bubbles , exhibit , rmyg 



Mey ,\ are exposed 



Higher Lessons in English. 



41 



LESSON 12. 



2 Spanish Armada 1 was destroyed 9. 7 ■ should suffer 



3 ^o/rfg , g fio M ta 6* g^egfetf 10. *«*"'* J r ^ c ^ 



4 Liberty Bell 1 was r^ny 



11. apples ■ 



m?'i picked 



library \was burned 



q < Stamp Act 1 wa»' repealed 



23 soldier , returned 



i-ilizrii. [ should rote 



l± serfs . flffri been freed 



Iloosac Tunnel ■ fa completed 15. &r*tf<7f* | flar? tow MA 



42 



Higher Lessons in English. 



LESSON 14. 



Charter Oak i was blown 



jo agoaU i will exaggerate 



Puritans , worshiped 1L ikw , had been reached 



denies , ;?^7? 



\ \ v \ 



12. H'^ travel 



\ % 



^rwr-<? , should be wasted 



\ \ 



^ 



toft . was receive 



We ■ turned 



(iil( itainuieut i ?ms provided 



13 A i . sjtoJce 



}>/// . >/■;// /«■ weloomt d 



% ;i ? 



ik __gaJf_ i has swept 

w v \L - — i 






j nfertaiiiineid ■ tggj enjoyed 



IC U reef . ?/v/.< ^/v7A 7 



HigJier Lessons in English. 



43 



LESSON 17. 



o Gulf Stream , can be traced g North Pole , has been appro 




± Hudson I penetrated 








Cog/ I feos originated 

\ kinds \ rfera.y 



g Genius . can br< atht 




Suspension Bridge \ is stretched 



10. ( '° w I J'f^P-" 



\? \* \=, 



Mother Goose 



44 



Higher Lessons in English. 



H army , was formed \>> observatory . iva* erected 



]_3 # fazfc ■ stretch 




comets \ dwtcmee 



14 # fto</y ■ ?<'fl-< canned 




LESSON 20. 



wifly advise 




Hisrhcr Lessons in English. 



45 





7. 


forms 


re found 




^ \ lever ia\ | a 


v ^iy 1 


\ body 


X* X* \v „ 


8., 


development •_ 


is meant 

\ faculties \ perfection 


Ugh 
o / i look 


dLd 


10. 


Dead Sea , is seen 

\^ \ A \\ V 

\^ \and\and\v \>^ 

^ Y& \%- % \% 

\% \%. \> \ -W«MM< °f Olives 


11 H \ will appear 


12 


sort i m; 

\ gunpoici 


as ?/sed 

X \and\j. 


13. ff!.«ft , 
\tg 


sew 

w 


\ period ^ X 




14. 


Feudalism , 


<7itf x 


opinions , f??v gwoft 
U\ ' X «'"' 


r ' \ enpital 


X 1 ^ 


\ century 


\ press \ f>0 


Y 


V \ 



4 6 



Higher Lessons in English, 



LESSON 22* 



t> )Ve . climbed 




\k \\ \\ V 



\ \% \ Mil, 



T hat. relates 
+\ 



Hebrew ■ is a llied 



thing > 





"^ 

,/,/,, 

"^ 



* See note 5. 



HigJicr Lessons in English. 



47 



10. We I sailed 



\\ horses 




were fastened 



12 # Spring 




mm. 



LESSON 25. 



one , arrives 



By-and-hy \ jv>i 




4 8 



Higher Lessons in English. 



r act 


I Spartan , boasted 

V V \ ^ 

, is colored n^ \% \^ 


\ rA«//, 


r f thvnder 

\\ 

e study . 
10. ' 


\ K% V * \ 

\ \% \as. \ glori/iratwn <■ 
\&, \3> \ feeling \ \?> \«k 

\ knowledge \^ \2^ pleasure \% 
Xj ffai'/t 

reverberates v ^^ ( wg/1g 5C0rc ^ 

\ %\ \% \< 

jpurnals y»» \ \ \° 
v \ - \ _ ' \ -A clime \ \ red \ eye* 


\ William th 

qoes ^ 

v% 

science y_. \ culture 

~W \ ^ \ 

\%- \ . 

\ \ imagination 

o substance t / 

N \ winds Y? \ . \ 

stretched v 
irabian Empire . /^sl V- \s 


e Testy 

w drenched 


l! 


bathed 
washed 




winnowed 


•8 : 

\! x 


sifted 

V 




V N_ X \ Atlantic \& 


VY ^ ! 

\ Caspian sea 



Higher Lessons in English. 



49 



11 ' half | consists 



-. 9 range 



materials \ oxygen 




LESSON 28. 



Austerlitz i killed \ Pitt 



■ killed | Pitt g invention . destroyed \ feudalism 



4 Ziarg . should have \ memories 



a God . tempers \ wind 



I surnames 



\* % 



T\ 



^ \^ «. Benjamin Franklin i invented \ lightning-rod 

^ V 



9. TKOOtt , yC| 




50 



Higher Lessons in English, 



ring* i bell 



10. Hunger . X 





bread 




butter 


beef 


baron 


pies 


L-<4 


pudding* 




1 * Richelieu 



hdn'txhffl | COtifiXSOV / 



* See note 4. 



HigJicr Lessons in English. 



5i 



LESSON 29. 

fascinating 



grand 



2 sea ' IS \ ^ g' 



. , q mountains t are \ / ! tranquil 

treacherous d> 1 — | V \ .j 



simple 



a words 1 are \ / L 



\%n§l 



elegant 

dignified 

artificial 



6 ear 1 is \ gateway 




g Good-breeding 1 is \ surface- Christianity 



is \ plant 



_4_*£_^. 



r v I M v. 



10. outcome', is \ simplicity 



is \ /frff 



12. wind 



j ^ Stillness 



yuts , stamina 



ia \ I «?v\ marte 




52 



Higher Lessons in English. 



is y hopeful 



| | ' 




LESSON 30. 



•> £?/?? | 


shines 


\ 


4 

Iday 


bright 


w 


\ 


mi 


hot 


X 





feels \ smooth 

N gj gloss)/ 



tall 
/T— 

4. Ag^6 ■ grew\ / j queenly 

X beautiful 



Plato 



g \ ■ ore called \ head-springs 



f 



~¥ 



Higher Lessons in English. 



53 



P son <was regarded \j slave 



-KSi 



returned \ friend 



~Y 



o fa>o# . is presented \\ token 

V\ ' \ \e> \ 



8. - I am I I ara \ 



^ N^j gratitude 



m warrior ■ /<g^ x corpse 

% \k \» 11 oflpfe I % ! ~"* \\ delicious 

bed \f* " \^ ' \ S ' 

- V 



19* Zorrf Darnley i turned out v husband 



jg weights ■ Zj.mm.j7 \ 






n tented Pendulum 



•\a brightness 

b 

freedom >/ 



seemed \ incarnate 

\ New Learning \ Sir Thomas More 



| r ffiir Philip Sidney , ^ i 



* See note 6. 




54 



HigJicr Lessons in English. 



1 

LESSON 31. 


•> one i has called / window t eye 




\i 


^ Destiny , Aatf watfe / sclwolmaster 


I Jl/r. Churchill 


1 \» 




^ President Hayes , <?Aose / Secretary of State [Uon.Wm. Jf. Evarts 


1 — 


\* 


r; James I. , created /Duke of Buckingham i Villiers 


1 V 


? \ 


X \^\ 


"^ 


\ \ „ V* \ notnlity 


a ITe s should consider ,\ trust \ time 

V* 


V 


y Ophelia 
Polonius 


ia\ . thought / insane \ ITamlet 






a. President 

\% is\ i appoint / ministers \ men 


Senate V \<: 


courts \5 




"^ 



Higher Lessons in English. 



55 



o Shylock i would have struck / dead \ Jessica 



Custom . renders 



{ A\ \ | feelings 

'^"Mi callous / \% 



-,-| Socrates . styled / tyranny \ beauty 



12. Madame de Stael . calls / music \ architect u 



■^ They , named / New York \ state 



Duke of York 



-j^ Henry the Great ■ consecrated /\ ark \ Edict of Nantes 
% \%. \ ^ ■ 



T 



LESSON 33. 



o features . are derived 



o St. Paul ( apostle ) t 



was beheaded 



\ translation \ versio n 



reiqn 

TV 

\ Ner 



\U \ Bible N&. 



56 



Higlier Lessons in English. 



a bolt i is shot 



r )t tadpole (\polliwog ) ■ becomes \ frog 



g^ brain . is \workshop 



Mahomet ( 




■Mohammed^ ,^ 

"' died 



g # item ( each ) , communicate \ death 

interlacing \ ?»< 



10 # /g?7?j? ■ k i wicfo 




lit'e 



blood 




l\ m back-bone 



began 







Higher Lessons in English. 



57 



\ dismemberment 



15 # petals | dose 

' \anct 



r \ \ half \_Poland__ 

14 John { disciple )i lay \ \J \^ \ \ 

\ \= \> \ \ century 

\^-» \ breast \ V ^ 'T^. 




\ fZce^sy (day's-eye) 



LESSON 35. 



2 TFe | 7?«y i $50,000 



g ife | sg;il i daughter 



way 
\ home \%» 



President 



gave \ dollar 



\, 5. 

ic/ t ert< Shakespeare ■ ?<v^ \ o/^ 

W 



day \year£^ 



'J 






58 



Higlier Lessons in English. 



q^ Serp'-nf.j ■ ami \ akjm 



Charter Oak , fell , 

v , v.- C I r ( or > 



, Hartford \ Aug. 81, 1856 

\ Conn. 




g land - should yield \ bushels 

\a '\ \ W \ 



v oicner \acre 



n * attendants . brought \ cup 




Sir Philip Sidney \ ^, -. « 

Sept. 22,1586 \ ^ //* . 00 El | tt'g/fr 



, 'V-.^ 



W 




11. /rey I 



Y 12. (fo^» Esther , asked i /g?'or 

iceeA-x ' \ 



breath/* 



Kim] Ahaxuerux 



gilh y^ Aristotle ■ taught \ philosophy 



Alexander the Great 



14 # g^g/* ■ is \ worth 




lr )m Puff. balls i /;g?v grown 




fPor date see (7), above. 



Higher Lessons in English. 



59 



LESSON 37. 



2. f at i is \ f ud 



N \ body \ ^ 



3 marrow i ex/ends 

=* \eding \= n^ 



^i V back- bone 
brain 



4^ Faw Twiller i 



T~ 



^\Tv_ 



5 Lentulvs . Aatf amused \ populace \^ \t, 

\rning \& \ ^ 



forest 



^¥ 






V^tflWfT 



ft natives , came \ /\ \°. !". r \^ I — ^ ^ «• 

"• — rr — r-^ — *— * — *-\v V* ' 



They . sfoor/ N /\ 



g philosopher ■ .<?tt7 \ , 



thought 



11 Jfe | fegg / Av I me \-eated 

13 //i? I owned / /\ I himself 



»a\ riot \& X? 



14. QW(> I j?q?r / X\ I men Y3 / , ;y-// 




6o 



Higher Lessons in English. 



% 



16 # Yon . may imagine, /\ \ me \& 



w 



\V \ king 



17. Sard i found / /\ \ 



f 



LESSON 38. 



2* Portions i may 5<? <?;/£ 




3 Coliseum . ?r r/.s \ capable 



4 Success i depends 



\%\ 




ye Tom ■ cr^ sympathize 



• J — ] ing | feeling* 

We ■ should avoid \ /\ \ V- 



Higher Lessons in English. 



xoill depend 



is \ accomplishment 




TT 



g | consent 



10. cackling j saved , Jfome u> campaign i wag \ /Skcft 

\§^ Seated 



\2 silencing , is \ assumption 
\ \ discussion. 




23 7/^ ■ y^.? \ sinner 

' \o W V> \£ 



14. \f\ \**' n ff l«y»/ /ram I /<?/? 

\ Ashtabula \ 



T 



,, %• 



•»/ | flr??v heard 



conatituiionah 



62 



Higher Lessons in English. 



^ > Many . were defeated 



LESSON 40. 




9 title , rested 


farce 


\i- \ command \ y 


"=' ^, \jnll— 




\J derision 




V 




\ rhiirnrlfT 



assassinate | William the Silent 



^ H> | ?/'?'# g/n>g 



please | yo> 




Wovnds . r/;v \ ftgr<| 



^ wafrp / nappy | i 




r/fgr | corit/ifldn SSj, V> 
aeefe | land* » ^ 



q p apples I wi \ 7'?/^ 



X* 



HigJicr Lessons in English. 



63 



he -\ just 



\ estimate 



\ 



t others 
1 i<? \ impossible 



11. -ffe I seemed \ 



13 vengeance t z.s \ 



15. <fo<7-y 1 appeared N x\ 

1% 



16. "^ I 



\ govern \ ourselves 

We 1 shovld learn \ /\ 17> Mil 



\ ape voice 

.SlT 



LESSON 41. 



\o \ °P en l mouth 



3 «'«?/ i remain? 



;>. /V/// ■ ?<'<?.? \ 



V 



si^r\s 



be \ proiuf 



r )# ^o.V ■ m<7^ i 7m?-/?- 



v 

, \ learnin g 



Vi 



64 



Higher Lessons in English. 



*% 



Q If, (A>) I 'if \ way 



Jl {/ \) I ?*' \ natural 



V v, 






^/,s-X- (/\) I Wff?/ become \ rUVnjhlf'il 



|o Ue i meal? / /\ \ me 



]4^ 7A- icotnmanded / /"■ i ftrfe 



lfc-£-H 



y //< rtMOOTMIOtoi 



j^ JViro I caused / /\ \nwtla-r (Agripp'ma) 



- 



Y'ersiiwleil 



X 



HigJier Lessons in English. 



65 



LESSON 42. 



\J debt I is \ $4,000,000,000 

1. \ numbers V^ ' 



\^ > 



2. object , has \ faces ^ *?*"* 



^ wia7.-e / s7tor< ( story 



^~> 



Marie Antoinette 



§\ 1 tiiri executed 



\ give 1 <flaw7« 5 W<? , require 1 clothing 

\ 

Y .Zor<7 



/< [All £« \ Mta<7 

1 \' \ 



protect body 
summer v| ^> 

V 7tgg< 



T 



g Rip Van Winkle ■ could accoui 



sentence ■ £s \ difficult. 




\ 



femforf 



yV- \ 9 Conscience , / /<,■; v. 
V \o chink ' 1 *"" 



foq I atw \ 




V ^' keyhole 



66 



Higher Lessons in English. 



10. X bT%_ that | is ^ nation 



11. 7 I SUp)X>fterf ^ /' | ///;/ 

J2. i^cZ ■ js \ necessity 






13. 







7 I ?n// fer/c^ | /;■?>£ 



^r 



^ 




\ _» \ drown i heraeff 

v 

Vo \ throw | her*e\f 



24^ £/V . thr fat eiied \ 



\and\ 







A* 



15 # council | ?/'o?//f? s?7\ 



HigJicr Lessons in English. 



LESSON 44 



1. Tom 



things t are \ shadows 

w\i\ l ' 



g # l/ais | eg \ revenge 



2. intellects 






hurry- 


Ah 

3. 


/ 


\ 1 was 









~ Mi? - ?.■? \ forest 



Now there 

8. Pf | ** 



\£, \ sheep-market 



habits I are \ enemies 
'Vi ' As ^ 



4.^ a^ I is fos^ 



smith he 1 ?'.? \ 7?m» 



M^ 



10 # ?gg I Ma# arrive 

acrirfrnt \i. 



Y 



68 Higher Lessons in English. 









there 








11. school | was 


12. 


Mr. President 




V \ 

teacher \ Friday 

TV 

7" | shall enter \hg\ridt 

\ . 

\ enr-omwm 

^\ 

\ Massachusetts 


13. 


\*Jiin(j 

\ 




chance , can be 


11 i enemies jtw/A | leads 


\ tyranny X \ scaffold 




oh 






15. 


artfulness 




<S7i<? \mavar/efl\ matter 


r^L X - 




% 




16. 




retreat i fteflw? 






^ 





Higher Lessons in English. 



69 



LESSON 46. 



2 # murderer . does 



accidents , are 



. providence 



be betrayed 




x ■ Suffer / /\ 1 yourselves 4, advent , is \ wonderful 



Ivy I is \ ffta? 



\i x do 1 work 

— V^ 



^ Alexander the Great 1 (ftVfZ 



o sickness 1 enlarqes 1 dimensions 



Babylon \<g, V^— 




70 



Higher Lessons in English. 



Thou I shaU take i name 
^7 



10. x ■ Lend \ ears 



\& y\. planet (Saturn ) , has \ rinr/s 



y> power ■ shall blanch \ snow 



\s- \ character 



14 # g?iOM> ■ wa.< \ beautiful 



23 # fa?/'* I atv \ thoughts 



15. 




Higher Lessons in English. 



n 



1* Poetry \ is \ /^ 

V 

Q * Queen, is x / 

\ England 

± palate , hankers 

\ \?> \ titilk 

> l \* 


LESSON 47. 

eloquence 






\ enthusiasm 


\ stand \ bareheaded 

" 1 Si 

| \ presence 

rmiti / „ N \<£. 
\ ouOor 


religion 

Richelieu , would pe 
\ - 

. \>_ \ bare \ he< 
\*9 I A \s 


potentate \ 

\%, \ ministry 
V ministry \ 

glory 


7>^ce 


\ heraldry 

flag " \ 


V \ s 

ition > 

V 


r; vortices sjQ, 

V 

*Sce note 8. 


^\\i drew i 


>£j ^f 


f See note 3. 


\ \5" literature 


A* 


eloquence ^> 




W NT 


\ thtiu.sth 
\ eddies 


V 5> \ 

— V 



Higher Lessons in English. 



q pleasure 



jot/-" 



, lie 

1 — X — health 

worth J / I pen re 



~ admiration ■ puts \ eye 

\ V 1 



setting . is \ like 

>, v! 

\hope_ 



ft ft ting 



'kings 



1 



i become \ noble 



Planta genets 



X n memory ( Iiitth ), 




\ 

yiw.7 [ field* 

| \9" \*. \, 
went \ /X \" \L Y** 




golden \ grain 

. 7y X % 



Higher Lessons in English. 



73 



LESSON 48. 



carries \ winds \^ 

boiler 



2 Angel of Life 



winds | brains 



gfosis i ca.se 




gives | 



/ i called I iVew World 



TV 

x \ ^tttffeZ o/ Resurrection 

V V 



T\. 



~¥ 



raosi i is \ evidence 



4 wosi I ^^? \ 



iV'eiP Enghmder \ exera 



\ 



^W 




5 ?wrrf I flfls y /\ I function 




74 



Higher Lessons in Englisfo 



a Alps , are \ imaae 






1- V \* v 






Y'/ed \ despotism 




V 


\ sMhni'y 




\ fce w/',, i 




\fi 


\ anrt\* 






\-***« f 




~ 


/ , want s/\ i hu*h<, n <i '■> 


V 




\ 


\ lose | myself 

" 1 \? 






s / . love , y\ ' »■•»* 






¥A 






" 




, "•""''"" i 


ca*« 


/C| \ 






/*i soothes 


- c discontent \ 




q Cheerfulness 


H 


f \ /aj \ i passion* 
\ t' xl composes / \^ 






\! l-ee)is_j__soHl 




\ ect&n \ 


V \- 




^\ 


\ disromr \ noitirp \t; 


\ 


\v 




\ comets 


7>'>i/v,r 






1 % 




10 /\ i ft<M proved \ 




\ 


1 \_ 








n 


win 1 mefortsf 

1 \ 


11 Authors . must expect 


. 


\ ""fog , MMFWft 


" v 




V 


\ soldiers \ t *' r ■ 



His;her Lessons in English. 



75 



LESSON 59. 

o lever \ is \ printinq-press 


tvhich\ 1 moves \ world 

\ mind \ blush 


\ W,?7.<? 

o TTeree , makes y /\ , /ace \» 

w#o\, drinks \ it 


^ Photography , is \ «r« \ foofc \ iifce 

• \% \ X 1 \ • 
V \ \ genms 

. w/dch\, enables y /\ \ mediocrity 

\ 
K Louis XIV. . signed , ordinance \^ 

\ #S5 \ 


that \, revoked \ Edict of Nantes 
„ guilt i rests 

\ slave-trade \ John Hawkins 


colonics | were welded x \% \ 
V \-i \lv. \^ tvhich^^ spiring 

Sam "t'J 4 1 £am« 1 from d \ which \^ V^ 

\ Gninra 



7 6 



Higher Lessons in English. 



9. *» iri ! I ** ^ matter 10 // ■ was x book 



g^ \ 



w7<i'cft\ 



I . ref(ri"i 

\tfial\ 






\? u Attention . is \ stuff 



jo Grouchp , did arrive 



Xapohon - nenh-il \ him 



14. /< . is x ?//)// 
7 ■ speak \ 



15. 7/ I n-as N ?//> =Z 



Ae ■ rewired \ information 



jq # Islands ■ r/ra? \ toga 



man ■ fo \ Unhappy 

\ mother \ does make , inf< r< sting , mothers 

\"^i — ' — ^ — — ^~ 



^ 



Higher Lessons in English, 



77 



LESSON 60. 




enter \ eye 
-1 Trillions \ yC\ \* smith i 


takes i name 


t — rT~V*i \* \a r 

\s* \ Xj hit [ rg<i»« $> \£ 


\ smooth,- 
\ \^ \ n 9 I metals 


\ waves \Sj \ =- \ 


\ V \ 


you . take J\ x 


he 1 works \ 




\ x \ 


3 . ^«to , wass, one A he ^ chastemth { x 


\ ^ges 


Lord - loveth i\ Whom 


X \%\ 


world , saw i\ x 




a* X | betrays | zfee^/ 1 




\ \ 1mm "7 /W» 

Vi£ \shmo_ \ 
\ world ^ 


■ achieved i x 
H ; - ; - J r- 

goose , conceived , N what 

1 


g me». . ?cere ^ /r?/<? o 


x , is ennobled 

~\ ' — V 

0em*\, aTvs | deed \p- 


Ae | 7?atf |\ What Wh 


\ &n*n<7 , X 




m / | told | /\ 




\ , . whichever-- \ was 
\him_ ^-H 




*See note 9. 





78 Higher Lessons in English. 



11. - * | ** \ flnpotism 13 ^ ij f raited \ maid 

Whati ■rrr\, crvsJies \ individuality \~ r ~ — 



■t* Youth , is \ time I 



lg Shylock ■ would give \ reaso 

\ ^ Nfc 

\duke_ "f 

x I jfeyj: | simplicity \\- 



(,),. rations ■ a r- ,;,ndnrt,d 



LESSON 62. 



j Knights of the Round Table ■ flourished 



\ who tied 




2. Solomon ■ ??'<?,<? \ son 



Higher Lessons in English. 



79 



a brother i caught \ fish 

\ ' \ ^ 

; I had i\i 



4 You ■ fauv; i ng^l 




g # TVjosg ■ are \ foolish 



« Constitution . jg \ sheet-anchor 

\*>ed 



V 



T 



— \k % ^ 



ed, /\ ^ 




vm 



Senate Chamber 



80 Higher Lessons in English. 

LESSON 63. 

2 # Europe . was 

• A \$- 

1* C'ato ■ spent i ftifl^ \" nr 

\ X \% ZoW* A'/F. ■ reigned 

\% \ 

v* \ r<?a / «7 | Pluto's Immortality 

he \ durst give t stroke 



5. ,r^' | 



i>> \ 



Mucker , arrived 



\* Wellinatsm . 



v Wellington .\wa8 meeting \ onslaught 

\ JffeM ^ ^ V 



V Waterloo 



..Ac g. / J '>/>'/ ■ sl-jm?»ed i cream 

i\« \%> \s> Xs* 



show A /a#s \ " \~\ci 

W ' he \Conldfind ■, ,7 ^ »*>"—»» 



wind , bloweth ... . . , 

. I i jq^ Washington , 7/v/v \ f/<><w 



|7 X /fcfc^, \ 

' he I »w.? x great 



^2. A<? I became \ Innnhhr 
I 



7^ . gretc\ reiser 



■ greir^\ 
*Sec note 10. 



Higher Lessons in English. 



\ be \ right 

l.g. /\ ■ is \ better 



\ &e N president \^ 
A| x N A 

15 /£ I was \ cold 



freeze , mercury \% 






\resam ded 



\%\%\^ 



jo breeding , shores \ itself 



x , x 



\l-_ 



14 # .fl ■ was \ cold 



mercury X froze 



_^«, 



/\ , is \ degree 




^¥ing V% \ virtue 


1 \— . \^v ^ 



18, 



zs \ easier 



| ** N 



+2La_ 



LESSON 64. 



-i Zfr . died 

1 ^ _ 



o # wo/?. ■ speaks 

\ « \L \ 



^ //, ,\ gftinfa 



82 



Higher Lessons in English. 



g < he I speaks 



man \ think* 



mr»/ , will be 



4 7A«m I WCM w 

hoy \ i* 



-v 



Kl: 



I thoughts 



\ conversation \" TOlls 

_surf\ 



"'J p 



shapes , 



pebbles 



~w 



Slang ■ is \ vulgar 

if I is \\ way 



g_ TT'e i ^ep x open | ;?orfg 



frfoo^ fthroivs \ impurities 
tailing Nfj^ 




c^ people . ventilate \ rooms 



breath ^contains \ and 



\ V^ V j^ \ washing 



it, y combines \ 






Higher Lessons in English. 



83 



1 Wheat , is \ x 
' 1 T ^ V «. T 



j« God ■ was \ angry 



\% 



\ % 



13 # Tobacco 



14^ It I rained 



potato 



■ «ri \ products 



Raleigh ■ found- \ them \ 






\is__s^_wet_ 



(America 11s) 



must be \ cuckoos 



15 —ILL-/" \i yrafgg oe \ 

' \ ( all ) X 1 



tt;g 1 build \\ homes 



LESSON 65. 



heat , is evolved 

— T£ — H^ r- 



\]iroduce \Comftustion \ ' 






air t\is compressed 

~^P 55 



thought , \ pack" 



8 4 



Higher Lessons in English. 



a you ■ hare \ image 

\ V V a 11 



4 # harbor. 1 ? 



\* 




K. fat - is thr 




waters 

^ \ Guys 



\S \ \ grate \* pUnJ \ 

N v£ ^ 

gq^g , N ' Should be neglected 

TV 

\ hunger 



q # Language ■ w^ yzri 



y # Spiders i figtv; i . 



( irtrft ) . might sa}/ | things 



8* 



\.may < 



-h 



ship-canal . ;t'«.j <??/<? 



' Isthmus of Suez \ % 



\* 



q \ /wir/i , Orhut 
\ Cape of (J,„,,l Hop* 



* See note 10. 



Higlier Lessons in English. 



85 



9. ""• 1 




it ,may clro^x y 'yf\ \ , them 

' \ f X! dew ' "" 




ve 1 do feel \ weight 



brain i\ is \ one fortieth 



V '^V* 



y> foolishness ■ wig depart 
it 1 arrested \ progress \* \>^ \** 



13* 



thou ) shoiddst bray \ fool 



War of Hoses , \ did destroy , freedom 

1 \ X X 



*See note 11. 



S6 



Higher Lessons in English. 



14^ they . are \ sufficient 



\-£ x \ make i toss 



ririrs i \ /tow 



\ Mediterranean 




T 



LESSON 71. 



2. tlQ7Y? I I JS Mggjg 




is asked __ 



3^ 7 . hari 



/\ ■ i? \ singular 






discoverer \ was \ WAo 



letters ■ w ere vsed 



/\ ■ zs determined /\ . 



g J bel ( brother ). j.< 



■<?/»o/V | cars 



, otct< i gq 






Higher Lessons in English. 



87 



r. " 1 



quit 1 business 
Xp ^i CTt ./ o y 1 wealth 



\ ... 7«i< 1 business 

\4\^ \, enjoy , ueallh 



^ 1 ** >> r° 6 ^ fnM A|bvgr 







that 

aX ■ ; are x tfisAgg 



1 ** 1 A 



org \ who 



jq^ world \will in quire \ 



12. 



Sa \ ' — % 

I \_ ' ' ^ \ I J have 1 tail 



\^".9.l , 



FT 



, choose 1 if /< icfl 



13. x I / \ 



. rhoose whir/, 



TTe . does know \ /\ ( or ) He .does knoiV\ 



he 1 will ifir 



1 



■ can fell , /\ 



%\\ 



88 



Higher Lessons in Ewrlish. 



v\'\\ 



j^ Philosophers , are debating \ 



\ 



T 



LESSON 72. 



that 
■t it 1 1 has i words 



o yoy I are going 



peculiarity ■ jg v /\ ^» Question ■ ?ia.<? \ /\ 

\English_ N^ \S- 



3. f | a ™ N 




i* \ A 




Hereafter 

% 



4 # 7?? an I jj? \ piece 



exclamation ■ ?m.? \ 



&\* 



A^ , \was \invvlnerable 



myth ■ ?■? v XX \ f ar * 




Higher Lessons in English. 



s 9 



\ diminution 

It (A) | is believed \ supply 



> 



yeast 



fact ( y\ •). is y 



wonderful 



q Napoleon ■ turned \ road 



(or) turned 



he x \ mi ght s ave x t ree 

1 1 \i 



/;<? .\might save t l;'g< 



10. candles ■ «ri Sg/r;;? 1 



metaphor ( /\) , fa \ 



'~W 



9 o 



Higher Lessons in English. 



1L — 2-+ 



do 



ad rice . was \ this { / , ) 



\* Bom cms \, do 
\* S"H 

X \ X 



~^ 



St. Ambrose . gave j Mqf 




\, future 



There 

14 # dispute ■ #q-<? fcfft 



dipni'ls 



we , fr»rtM' i r/»* (,/x) 

u'^r> I «• ?y>fe i S//ak>~spe tire's Plays 



<R H"e , qyy? ^ certain 

-. 



sea ,' surrounds \ Pt>l> 



lg # "He ( <?/y ) . are \ anj-iovs 



future s shall bring | / -; 



(riumjih 



IY, Sandtcirh Islander i z.y \ confident 

\% \ strength 



that 

r 



!l>^TT^ 



pass 



valor '/ v£ \S^ 



^ 



/\ 



Higher Lessons in English. 



9* 



LESSON 76. 



s , smo fe 1 rock 
'■' \* \ 



streams \\ gushed 



memory , 1 ^#es 



g gome . achieve \\ greatness 



[and VM 



some I feogg 



1/ ^X 1 greatness 



P writing , makes \ writing 



writing { brings j writing 




~* x . i?i \ temperate 

or\ \ youth 

you ,) wiZg ftggg to &e v abstinent 



K be \ ahstiii, ■ nf 



(or) «'W ^<"'g 1 A 



92 Higlicr L 


essons 


in 


English. 


£ Places | are \ cold 


\ 

trm 


9. 

rond 
deer 

V \ 


11 1 null t , was \ v> <td 


Mey , ! are \w< 


'.! Bitter 

! ?C_-, 

//« , feigned \ madness 


\ 

$ a. 

^ v. 

1 « ! v camel \ 8an 

x \ desert 

ship , fa<7/).< 

\^ \ e 

V "~ " bOIOIB 

OS \ hi I low 

it , ! were 




brellas 
12. £ 
m« 

\ 

X 

it 


Kl People * are carrying \ ton 

\ streets 


it | wm»2 &6 raining 


\ 

13 /7/e>w i a?-^ \ master 


V 

MWd 1 es ! \ master 


\£ \thee_ 

-, r Jleligion . is \ 
eoAo i ra« doubt \ 


1 

\ \ intellect 


, ■ — f -■ 





Higher Lessons in English. 



93 



1Q t grave ■ contains \ / ~? j 

\ 

these i are \ words 



■ 



LESSON 78. 



j* £»?. . has i foofc 
^e | is | x handle \g> 



\ V 
which \\ fits | //^??? (g#) 



ky ■ <Sflfl# gather 



one i A>g-» 



fla? ■sffiff' | x\ 



94 



Higher Lessons in English. 



o Some ! hare passed \ portion 



<d I ninth, ii 



j _ //. nd ^ could carry | <7<7 



w 



\ \ which ,\ are deconxted 

\ " r— 



//> ■ /■/»» 



innnbr ( /\) I f/mo 




- millions ; ;>^/r | /fr/itf 

I 



>t. 



\ 



wan \ becomes \ overheated 

work ; 



hndi / \ i 

\9 \& \juwM * 




p 7^ ■ I '7?W > diicfifi'\ daughters 



langxtagt 



Wilton . wid i X\ 



t-nnjm { uuis x CHOUCjh 



Higher Lessons in English. 



95 



>~» Glaciers < obey \ law 



A. surface ,| 




\S"+- 






/ \ I is \ maxim 

- ' V? \ 



\£ \which i e,y disputed 
\& 1 r 

V- \ ' 



% 



T 



9 6 



Higher Lessons in English. 



9 stork . is protected 




frogs 



that N - 1 would Injure \ dike* 



lQ t both . I form \ element (wafer) 

' "x n v \'c, '\ 



sfined 



\ ^ 



\ivhich , jj? \des/ rue/ire 



hydrogen \js ^inflammable \ f ire 

oxygen . is ' \ supporter 



It (/\) i i* \ o«<? 



v J ? 



\m 









Higher 


Lessons in 


English 








97 


1 
























.;o^ V 


o|X" 








i&y |> 








I 5 


Mfr> 
















C5 


&z 










j<y 


3 


0^ 






!£ 


p. ; 


/ 


1 








t' 


> \ 




■a 

1 


Wj^_ 

Xj "53 






< 


of/ 


■"" c 


« 


x! "1 












<o| ^ 










"* 


s. L.0^" S 


^ 

■si 1 


5> 
5> 








\~~~puo~~~?- 


|p^ | 




- <£/ ^ 


3 








}/ / ec 


/ 'e 


"S 








/^ J*^ J 


^ 5 


e 


""""! nl^ 
































1 "K 


L__- 










^ ^ 


| 


•* 








/"^ /' fc 


0^ -< 


1 
































^'"' ^ 


^~ 












%. 


of/ 






z'' /"' 





^ 






/ _/ 


& 


<^ 






/ ii.e"<V x 










/^ 1 p>^' 


















,'' 
















„""' 








^ 






© 
































j 






rH 







Higher Lessons in English, 



LESSON 80. 



steps 



energy , comes 



drives l locomotives 
v forces | steamships 




demon j\ finds \ ship 

% \\ \ 



\ waves 



What i is \ bolder 



n eel- -cloth I x \\ 




**N 



V 



Inch v i tafo?,? i thief 

\<£ \ morning 

\ TC 

\ throat Vi 



"^ 



HigJicr Lessons in English. 



99 



stretched i rods 



5* «m. 




^ b 

smote | / 1 ; brooks 

*s_ \j ponds ^ 

became \ \ j 5too<r? \* 



q ^ (S\) | wiyg ^martyrdom 



happiness ^Were apprehended 



felicities \ x 



There 
7. ^^ ■ i? 



■*-* 



' ~ \ memo 



100 



Hisrhcr Lessons in English. 







cheeks i 


/-■ 


«wr« mottled 


8.. 






V^ Vg y \\ I red V^ 


x rfr< oib </ 


\^ 








V 


seemed \ 


\ 

taAv?n | loll 




which \> 


A v - 








that 1 twni 








\ mouth 




that 

1 \ ln fJ 1 rare 


\ 




if l! k \ /K V 


1 1 


o evil 


■ inA 






•% N 


v,, 

\ f"'.? 1 expression 




*\ 


opinion 




\* 


n«, 


'"fi 




1 


e 1 fAifijfc 

1 , 


There 




\ Johnson 


10. A 


1 ** 


11. « 


and 
■ Ioe£ | thoughts 




L___ n 




*' 


knocks ' | yow 
\ \ \ ftwtt 

;»'.v/o^ N, misses \ fire 




we A lack \ word* 



Higher Lessons in English. 



that 

he . 1 has c/ot 



-f 



in one | must feel \ /\ V bottom 






23^ Office ■ confers \ honor 



■ice , co?/. 



i tvho\, is \ worthy 

it | i«'i# disgrace t ???/»?, V »' 



es \ x- 



14. 7??n? I respect \ whom\ 



i mY ^ l 



women ■ approve \ whom\ 



who^s I o/o'.s^ | species 



Higher Lessons in English. 



LESSON 81. 



j ruhr . sins 



as \ wife 



who x i ai>i>oi)Jts | hum 

\<tf/ice \%. N 
there \^ ^ 



We ■ won (It red \ /\ 






There 
3. C^<^ ■ is 



///'// i r/yv N afraid 



roof | «•?•// ^wi 



/\ 



?/w/ \ .?»y<j? | cobwebs 



! "•» " 



/«?//< | ! x \ 



M>0'/ | X \\ X 



things \ obey \ virtue 

\ Vn li I '■ _h>jjjd__ 

\ '. l ""•' 

\ \ t chirh 



Higher Lessons in English. 



103 



sea I licks \ feet 
q^ flanks 1 ! purr 

\*- W I ! \ 



If .Wtf/h' /■■■' ■ ''■ 



V? 



zci$ <?rac£ 1 bones 



it .! ' X T 




«* 7 I /^ ■ 



qt 77i I must complain 






\ x 1 bayonets 



t7iaf\\ allows \ , 



^ t 



he t \is trodden on 




10 It (A) 1 te \ better 




* See note 12. 



f See note 3. 



104 



Higher Lessons in English. 



•q breath I is \ better 




-|o We ■ are \ year 



13 language i cr/» 677;? ^ | fa>c>£ 



tliat^ i can suck \ juices 



1i. < i Commend \ m 



preacher wrong' I ?'.? \ tgftgf 

who\ I /ms learned | * /x 




elfc ■ are \ what 



1 e Zfe | prayeth 



\ who I lonth | 






wflfl'v. loveth | things 

\<2 V> \hoth. 



Higher Lessons in English. 



105 



LESSON 


85. 




1 x 1 steals 1 trash 6. J%£ 

Who N - 1 steals \ purse 


/ 1 ?n«7i'e / mad 1 x 

<70c^ .would destroy] Whom 


' \4 


w-'/jo 1 s/ote 1 purse 


7. - 


^flrf I was said 
\and_ 
icho | said <\ it 


<> I (myself), know \ /\ 


7w?/se , t'jas robbed 


a honor 


1 
1 belongs 


3 J 


\ 




^ 


1 . 


\ icliom 




i* 


( /\ ) 1 is known 




\ 


j^ //<? 1 heard \ x 




» 


whaf\x was said 






9.- 


<S%e 1 saw 1 o?w3 




L^?_ 


x | x | ;- - ' 


which 1 belonas 

1 V 

y<?M 1 7ia©6 guessed \ /\ \ me 


-^4 


«m MT | A 


J 1 


TT7/r//<7V7'\ 1 j 


1 done N; r 





io6 



Higher Lessons in English. 



LESSON 104. 



2 Mdvnt llarcy ■ is \ high 



B.—^-f 



fa | J£v //v> 



Mount Washington , x y x 



fa/iyg { breathe \ air 



I I found \_alfar 

r V ^ ^inscription. 7 Mr/"?-* I »»7^ ride 

1 1 1 grcggg — 5 — ^^ T 



3. -^ l mu*t b f - raining 



water i' expands 



wishes i\ togfg \ hones 



if 

g # o;>^ ■' ;.< \ missing 



-, 



Who ■ knows iVx. 



5 tessons I sfifo 



v \ 



X 




— — 

\ Drydtn 



2(} # fiussin i nun/ i iiif'1,.;,' i\ rule 






Higher Lessons in English. 



107 



\ , XI P ra7 J 
ye .\ enter 



2g * years ■ have gone 



r\. 



Pyramids , ?(y?-g &?/?7£ 



1 .> J/ 1 m«s< 5<? raining 



■u they ■ w<? ■/■<? wem 



fflg» ,\flr<? carrying \ ■umhnlhi* 



Turitans ,^ could be convinced 



LESSON 105. 



1 Pharisee . Ranted | ff 0f z g y ^ jjft/wygg , m>. 



he ,\icas \ like 



x \ men 



2^ Vesuvius I threw \ lava 

Herculancinn s< $> 

l|\ A were buried 
Pompeii \y ^ ' 



water \^ '— 

he \may harden 1 ?7 



that 

he 1 1 ?(■(?,< 



who'\i might f» employed 



Socrates ■ said \ /\ 



io8 



Higher Lessons in English. 



k We i tell i secrets 






-.^ //v ,»<</>/ i.r/ieef \ what 


\ \ people 

that v - pump 


x j Y people 

judges , accept i frita 


Aztecs | were astonished 


| horses 


-ii <7m£ | instituted \ inquiry 


they | xii ir 


November i is \ month 
"I \c \ 




wheels i \ 


protested | Inn 


it/ 

Heights !/ 


t 








i sheds 1 Aonu 


^ x 1 mofe | most 




1 


» 0»< | knows | />A/cv 


\"£ N j'r>s,,l4 






.!/,..., g | JTOS A»/7' '/ 


future 1 ?'* -\ uncertain 


1 


•>, Jfiwea i MWM buried 


1 


\ 


() ww | A 7V 


| vl.<?(7 


l/ll, s// 


/ 


\* 

\ | i.f \ guest in,, 


1 * * 


> 




is \ 




1 \*. 

Moses i twu buried 






V 





Higlicr Lessons in English. 



109 



j- Xapoleon ■ was \ genin, 



jq body 1 is rebuilt 



Wellington 1 \ was \ man 
r \o > 



If #1 1 &'<?.<? \ king 



Charles I, x ,\ had | fomfe 



LESSON 106. 



1. Cmar I ff^ l crotcn o it I &ffo?wgg \ 



he \ would hare had s j it 



carnage 

\^ hone 

\ M\ 
you 1 ^g^:<g \ 1 / e j 

poetry 




imagination 



^ ynu 1 will die 



vrinn 1 has been . 7 ismrered 






no 



Higher Lessons in English, 



r/ff | wisdom 



wisdom I is \ thing 



Washington , is \ rebel 



u-isdom i\ ?■■? 



w 



% 



would go 






you i /r/Xv; I tp-timlrur 



A?« i wound* 



common* i <w;/A7 /W/?' | testann-id 



2j > diamond . /■< \ '/- >/' 



J/<°/i I art carrying | - 



irhirh I ?,< \cartjon 






]'> i / I ran be \ ?/v</-.s\- 



»v p should fail 



ye i have\ I ,w«s 



traitor , /?»-.>? 



Senate < knows' 'i this 
\£ ! and 



('oust// I | .svr.v | ^7 



j-» K/ig/a/id , /rpi/lil h,ir. /,. , i, 

l'/aritnj<ni t* i had *>/<■<;, ,f.-d 



Higher Lessons in English. 



-,4 I | could do | more 



he i s , were \ brother 



15 / | could gratify t ?vg^r 



7 t \ 'U'ere \ 



1 fi * more f rig ate s , ivovld be fou n d\ 



- \ heart 



I \\were \/\ \ moment 
[Admiral Nelson] \» 



LESSON 109. 



^ J/e . f/j<7 | nothing 

\Z \ laugh 



crystal ,\ is \ ice 



g lore [ equals \ x 



~ 



There 
i nobody \ is 



\-?en \ hard 

■ — iSr 

<7 |- can be 1 haired 

— ' % 

// (/\) I was supposed ^ 



arts | tee re \ all 



arts I 



* Sec note 14. 



Higher Lessons in English. 



P breeze t \- 



x \ , wlnspns 



v 









J2, 7/^ I fl*?'/ (tma>.M?\ fortune, 




13. 7 I found | f//^ 
Ctoe I should eat i x 



6^ i x 7o?-^ | houghs 






ft'r I 7<7-.-v | ?<■//'// 



2('hich s I auxin r* \ end 



-N^ 



- . % 

i should //((>■> | '.;7'"V 



7^ I ?rr/.v \ look 



What 

10. 7 I x N ™ 



i was \ look 

9 



that , | would have si , /n> d \disdahi 






Vfe \ ijiiiet 



11. 7 I * ho " hl oh( l 1 ," 7 '°™ iy m , cram* 



Higher Lessons in English. 



US 



LESSON 120. 



\ 1c now | X 



what 



\ f. Amos (herdsman), was \ son 

f\ happened ~Z "~~\ I ^T^ 

\a, \ Trlnn i 1=" 



we j\ tt'g?'g 5o?'?? 



i \ wen 



y\ . e5 \ y\ N^ f p success , was \ remarkable 



-;■ 


' n <7 \ Soman 

/\ 1 saved \ him 




1 V. 

"I 

\ 6e»™ 
\ ("ff made \ prisoner 



x 1 Worship 1 Creator (God) 

4 1 1 — ' -rr-* < ~ 



I and \ 

x 1 obey \ \ Son, 



, a \day_ 



T ving 



x i\ x anointed \ King 



4 -V-4 



«'(?* \ reliance 






?/c ( o??^ )| Z?<?flr | burdens 



Vhat\\ made / man 1 Cromwell 

— * — v^ — 



9* X^ /fl(W 1 (?/•/ \ 1T7/(7^ 



//<fll\ 1 da rest advanci 



* See note 10. 



114 



Higher Lessons in English. 




ln I/*" ( hearts ) you ( men ) 

X be \ x 


11 — 


Everybody \ acknoivledges / / 


Y5, \ dramatists 
1 Shakespeare 


V> heart \ could feel \ joy 




Mow | Think' st \ / 


\i'ng - absent \ 

\ 




1 "" " " 

13 forefathers i #tf'7 A-// | naught 

\ \-^ \<£ \ country 


11 7 C w?A<^/ ), will 


it tend 

\ it 

1-, IWIM | 


puis | w<> 




?u | What 

\ \ X 


X \ flutter 


1^: Artnt/ ■ mea 


^ 



NOTES. 



1. Sentences (11) and (12), Less. 22, as here given, will appear in 
future editions of Graded Lessons in place of "We both wept" and 
" We all consented." " Both " and " all " may be treated as adjectives 
belonging to ive. In Old English they were adjectives in form, and 
were allowed to precede the pronoun ; as, " all we," " both we." But 
many teachers prefer to treat these words, when they follow pronouns, 
as appositives, or explanatory modifiers. Since explanatory modifiers 
appear later in our book, we prefer to change these sentences, to avoid 
confusion in teaching. We also drop all, Less. 25 (5) and Less. 28 (1). 

2. A prepositional phrase is sometimes so used that it may be 
referred to either of two words without materially changing the sense. 
In such cases the diagrams here given express only our interpretation. 
Often, when the two words in question are a verb and its complement. 
the phrase may be joined to the verb, not as belonging to the verb 
alone or in its widest sense, but as modifying the verb after it has 
received its complement. See Graded Less. 45 (8, 9), 46 (4), 49 (4), 
53 (5), etc. ; Higher Less. 28 (8), 30 (14), 31 (9), 40 (12), 60 (6), 71 (15), 
72 (5), 78 (5), etc. 

3. The analysis of " bade (= bidden) to stay " (G. Less. 56 (12)), and 
"doomed to walk" (H. Less. 62(7)) will be better understood after 
examining the active forms "He bade the soldier stay," "Richelieu 
would permit no eminent author to stand bareheaded " (H. Less. 47(2)), 
"I told him to bring" (H. Less. 60 (10)), "that allows himself to be a 
worm" (H. Less. 81 (9)). 

When a verb of petitioning, commanding, or permitting is followed 
by a noun or pronoun and an infinitive, the infinitive may be treated 
as object comp. naming the thing commanded or permitted, and the 
noun or pronoun as indirect object naming the one to whom the com- 
mand or permit is given. When these expressions are made passive, 
the infinitive may be subject, the indirect object being retained alter 



n6 Notes. 

the verb : as, "To stand bareheaded was permitted to no eminent 

author;" or the indirect object may lie made the subject and the infini- 
tive retained after the verb as object comp.; as, "No eminent author 

was permitted to stand" (see II. Less. 130). This will explain why the 
infinitives after the passive participles "bade" and "doomed"' may 
be regarded as objects. 

Some teachers prefer to treat "to stay"' and "to walk." in the 
expressions above, as attribute comp., and some would call them 
adverb modifiers. These positions are nol indefensible. 

It may be claimed with reason that, in ordinary analysis and pars- 
ing, the distinction between such constructions as " He told me to [ 
and "He made me go," is too nice to be preserved : that it is some- 
times extremely difficult to tell just where one construction -hade- off 
into the other ; and that, although "He told me to go" is contracted 
from "He told me that I should go," "me" has come to be thought 
of as the assumed subject of " go." 

What occurs in inflected languages, when "He told me that I 
should go" is abridged, is, apparently. (1) the thing told not being 
represented by a plain substantive, the name of the person told takes 
its place in thought as the direct object, and has the accusative end- 
ing ; (2) the subject of "go," being the same word as the object of 
"told," is not repeated, and so the infinitive is attracted to the preced- 
ing pronoun. 

Notice that, in "Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed" (H. Less. 
46(3)), the infinitive is passive, and that "yourselves," representing 
the persons betrayed, is its assumed subject and not a dative object of 
" suffer." Compare "Suffer not any one to bet lay you." 

4. When one term stands in the same relation to two or more other 
terms, its diagram maybe repeated with initial letters, as in (J. Less. 
100(14). No x being here used, the diagram does nol represent the 
phrase as '•understood" with the second term. The teacher may 
prefer this device to the forms given in the diagrams 11. Less. 26 (18). 

5. In future editions of II. Less., example 4, p. 51, will lie omitted 
from the Direction in Lesson '-30. The term introduced by "or" is, in 
form, co-ordinate with the preceding term, but logically it is explana- 
tory. The construction will be better understood alter explanatory 

modifiers have been treated. 



Notes. 1 1 7 

6. In thought, " out " here unites with " turned,*' helping to express 
the verb notion ; but, as it does not unite in form, it may, if the 
teacher prefers, be treated as a separate adverb. See also G. Less. 
100 (15) and others. 

7. The diagram of ''producing pain "and of similar phrases (H. 
Less. 38 (1) — (5) ) may, if the teacher prefers, be placed on a support ; 
but the form here used is simpler, and leads to no confusion, as it 
would if adopted for the subject or the complement phrase. 

8. Those that prefer to be guided by the form rather than by the 
logical force, in disposing of "only" and "simply" (H. Less. 47(1), 
(3)), will join these words to the preceding verbs. For this they can 
find excellent authority, and perhaps reasons based on the relations 
of the words. It seems to us that the logical force of "'only" and 
"simply" is carried over to the following nouns, adding to them the 
idea of exclusion, and making the things named stand, in thought, 
separate from all other things. 

9. Words and phrases adverbial in form and meaning often com- 
bine with nouns from the dropping of a participle ; as, "the remark 
above" "this world below" "the man in the moon."' The teacher 
may supply the ellipsis, or not, as he chooses. 

10. "Durst give" (H. Less. 63(4)), "need sail" (H. Less. 65(8)), 
"darest advance " (H. Less. 120 (9) ), and " ought to go " may be treated 
as quasi-potential forms. If analyzed, the infinitives "give."' "sail." 
"advance," and "to go" may be regarded as objects — "dared (an act 
of daring, i. e.) to give (= giving)." This object is a development of 
the cognate object, repeating more specifically the idea of the verb. 

"Will have to be" (II. Less. 76 (7)) may be treated as a future tense 
of the periphrastic potential "have to be." If we analyze this form 
and give "have "its original meaning, "to be." with accompanying 
words, is object. 

Teachers may prefer other ways of disposing of these terms. 

11. In "a hundred" (II. Less. 65 (13)), "a great many " (H. Less. 
78 (1) ), and similar expressions, "hundred" and ••many "are adjec- 
tives; yet they seem to have a substantive nature, permitting "a " and 
"great" to be joined as adjectives. 

Some, however, would prefer to treal "a" and "great." in "a great 
many tools," as adverbs. According to l>r. Murray (Hist. Diet.), this 



u8 Notes. 

expression is analogous to "a few," "a many tools," meaning "some 

few," " rather many," and " great " is a modern insertion. This would 
make "great" seem more like "very." a word of emphasis. 

12. Degree clauses like those in EL Less. 78 (7), (8 ; 81 (8), may. if 
the teacher chooses, be expanded more fully than indicated in oar 
diagrams ; as, "faster than the lower surface flows Cast," " as little M 
any verse in the catechism is disputed little." The conjunctive adveibs 
would then join to "fast" and '"'little" understood. 

13. Teachers may regard our analysis of the last clause of (5) II. 
Less. 80, as too great a departure from the history of the expression. 
A different analysis is suggested by the following : "became (came to 
be in such likeness) as blood (is)."' 

14. "Admiral Nelson " (H. Less. 106 (16) ) is no pari of the quoted 
sentence. It may be omitted from the diagram. See "Brack* 

H. Less. 148. 

15. The ellipsis in H. Less. 109 (8) may be supplied in different 
ways — "What happens if," etc., "What matters if." etc. 



HINTS FOR THE STUDY OF THE EXTRACTS. 



Page 148/ Higher Lessons. 



The pupil has now reached a point where he can afford to drop the 
diagram — its mission for him is fulfilled. To continue its use with the 
sentences on p. 148 and pp. 269-276, except, perhaps, to outline the 
relations of clauses or to illustrate some peculiar construction, would 
be needless, for it would be a mere repetition of forms with which he is 
already familiar. 

Nor are these sentences given for a full and minute analysis. This 
also would be profitless, and for the same reason. One gains nothing 
in continuing to do what he already does well enough — progress is not 
made in climbing the wheel of a treadmill. How often have we wished 
that the teachers who in our youth doomed us to the endless round of 
the old-fashioned parsing had understood this ! 

But while the pupil should be held to some grammatical work upon 
these, sentences, might he not be required also to look at the thought 
of the author, and to the manner in which it is expressed ? Could he 
not thus be led to take a step or two himself over into the field of 
literature ? If the attempt is made, one condition seems imperative — 
the pupil should thoroughly understand what the author says. We 
know no better way to secure this than to exact of him a careful 
reproduction in his own words of the author's thought. The infe- 
riority, both in matter and in manner, of the pupil's work to the 
original, will give the skilful teacher the very opportunity he desires. 

All that it seems needful for us to do here is to notice some of the 
difficulties met in analyzing these sentences, to say a few words con- 
cerning the rhythm, meter, etc., of the poetical extracts, and to point 
out some of the qualities of style characteristic of the authors from 
whom we have quoted. 



120 Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 

1. Extract from Holmes. — For let it fall, see Dote 3, " Key." 

2. Extract from Longfellow. — In the third line read 6hirped as 
1 hey would chirp if, etc.; Their. . . be is a noun clause = the prin- 
cipal word in a prep, phrase : Knotting modifies crows; and tt#and 
day are used adverbially. 

3. Extract from Whittier. — To dan is subject of is understood : 
Better completes (is) ; than (to) lie . . . by (is good) is a degree clause 
modifying- Hitter; Unmindful completes lie; on . . . strand modifies 
lie; and by is an adverb. The construction of the la>t sentence 
is similar to that of the first. 

4. Extract from Lowell. — Then modifies side; the time clauses 
when . . . crust and Ere . . .just (compound) qualify Then : and Tht n 
. . . chooses and while (= but) . . . crucified (complex) are ind. elan-.-. 



The prevailing foot in 1, 2, and 3 is the iambus — the commonest 
foot in English verse. It is dissyllabic, and takes the rhythm-accent 

on the second syllable. We select the first line to illustrate it : — 

\J -L. \_) -L. KJ -L. W J- 

Speak clear [ ly if | you speak | at all. 
The upright marks divide the line into feet, and the oblique, over 
the horizontal, denote the accented syllables. All the feet in this line 

-£- \-i 
are iambic. But Clamored, the first foot in the sixth line of 3, is a 

.^- \~i 
trochee — a dissyllabic foot accented od the first syllable. Knowing in 

the next line, and Better in the first line of 3, and Better in the fifth, 
are also trochees. The third fool of the second line of 2 is an anapaest 

— a trisyllabic foot accented on the third syllable. It is made up of 
the second and third syllables of blossoming and the first syllable..!' 

orchard — somingor. The third foot of the sixth Line of '2. the fourth 
foot of the third line of 3, and the fourth foot of the seventh line also 
are anapaests. The second foot of the eighth line of :! is an amphi- 
brach — a trisyllabic foot accented on the second syllable. It iscom- 

posed of like in godlike and power — like power. The anapaest or the 

amphibrach may take the place of any foot in iambic verse, but the 
trochee only of the first iambus in a line. To place n elsewhere would 
be to bring together two accented feel — a conjunction not allowed. 



Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 121 

Extract 4 is trochaic — a rare verse in English. The fifth foot of the 
second line is a dactyl — a trisyllabic foot accented on the first syllable. 

It is the word prosperous. By running together {slurring, it is called) 

the second and third syllables, the foot can be kept a trochee— prospfous. 
Possibly the anapaests and the amphibrach in 2 and 3 may thus be 
contracted to iambuses. The last trochee in each line of 4 is clipped 
of a syllable. 

The five different feet in English verse have now been explained 
and illustrated. We shall notice the foot called monosyllabic. 

The caesural pause, affording a rest for the voice, is very noticeable 
in 4. It is found after the fourth foot. It is not so much needed — 
perhaps does not exist — in the shorter lines of 1, 2, and 3. 

The meter of 1 and of the first six lines of 3 is tetrameter, i. e., each 
line is composed of four feet. That of 2 and of the seventh line of 3 
is pentameter — five feet ; the last line of 3 is hexameter — six ; 4 is 
octameter — eight. 

The order of words in these extracts is nearly that of prose. The 
fourth line in 2 is transposed, however. But the transposed — some- 
times, but improperly, called the poetic — order will be better illus- 
trated hereafter. 

We ask your attention to the choice of words. How apt are Carve 
in 1 ; piping, chirped, Clamored, piteous, and ravens, in 2 : and in the 
last line of 2, where bread is asked for, how pertinent is Lord, whose 
etymology makes it mean loaf- warden or keeper ! 

How striking and abundant is the imagery especially in 3 ! Notice 
the metaphors in stem, tide, flowery strand, drifting, naked, needles, 
goading, and lap. How finely truth is personified in 4 ! For explana- 
tion of lines three and four in 2, see Matthew, chapter 10, and Luke, 
chapter 12. 

Note the vigor of thought in some of these quotations. And this. 
too. though poetry is a line art. whose mission, it is thought, is. in the 
main, to please, to feed the taste, to nourish the aesthetic nature. 

Paget 

1. Extract from De 
that . . . zone, and that . 



269-76, Higher Lessons, 




Juincey. — The noun clauses that . , 


, . strata, 


. reach are explanatory of // .- the ad 


[}. clauses 



122 Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 



which . . . latitude and which . . . rest modify stars : glittering i- objei - 
tive comp. of see; the adverb broadcast modifies have been sown; as 
. . . threshing-floor is a degree clause modifying as; close completes 

lying; geometry and radii are subject- of would become ; but = only ; 
which relates to the first center and belongs to the second : far mod- 
ifies too, and too. distant; for amy vision . . . to reach modifies too, 

vision to reach being the principal term (see Less. 41 (4) ). 

De Quineey's fondness for the Latin words in English and for long 
sentences, the stateliness of his style, and the dignity that his grand 
manner lends to simple things — illustrated in applying naked and 
armed to vision — are seen in this quotation. 

2. Extract from Webster. — On . . . principle and the time clause 
while . . . off modify raised; to which modifies he compared; for pur- 
poses modifies is ; the second power follows against ; over is an adverb; 
and whose relates to power. 

This eloquent sentence, uttered in a speech on the floor of Congress, 
was composed, as W. confessed, while sitting on a cannon on Durham 
Terrace, Quebec, and musing on the power of England. Note the 
vividness and the vigor derived from W.'s choice of the concrete rather 
than of the abstract, and his use of specific words instead of generic. 

3. Extract from Ruskin. — The complex clauses that . . . arose and 
that . . . Jewels are objects of can imagine; the time clause whili . . . 
shire modifies may attain and (may) he: mother, introduced by as, i- 
explanatory of she; and saying modifies she. 

This pas-age is poetical : fragrant of the East : and for lluskin is 
highly optimistic. Grolconda i- ;i town in India, famous for diamonds. 
The Heathen mother is Cornelia, daughter of Scipio Africanus Major, 
and wife of Sempronius Gracchus. Pointing to her son-, afterwards 
the celebrated Gracchi, she said to a lady who was showing her some 
jewels, liter ornamenta mea sunt. 

4. Extract from Macaulay. — For And see foot-note, p. 174 ; u-lu n 
. . . fate, when . . . continents, when . . . England, and when . . . masts 
modify will survive; chanted and (to) wash arc objective complements 
of shall hear and (shaft) see; and the degree clause as . . . principle 
modifies immortal. 



Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 123 

The sentence is clear, strong, and oratorical. Is the river of the ten 
thousand masts the Mersey or the Thames ? 

5. Extract from Bryant. — The compound time clause Whe?i . . . 
heart modifies Go and list ; like is an adverb ; Earth, waters, and 
depths are explanatory of all ; and around modifies all or an omitted 
participle. 

This is from the remarkable poem Thanatopsis, written when its 
author was in his eighteenth year. The prevailing foot of this and of 
the extracts which follow (except Whittier's) is the iambus. The 

W W -L. 

fourth foot of the second line, ible forms, is an anapaest. So also the 

WW -£- 

second foot of the third line, rious Ian. Into in line six, Over in line 
ten, and Go forth and under in line fourteen, are trochees. 

6. Extract from Longfellow. — To lie is explanatory of it ; the 
compound time clause when . . . loiv modifies lie ; the adj. clauses 
Where . . . go and where . . . move modify scene ; between boughs mod- 
ifies come and go ; and Alternate = alternately. 

The license of transposition allowed poets is here seen. 

The prevailing foot in this, as was said above, is the iambus. But 
the first foot of line one and of line four and all the feet of lines five 
and eleven are trochees. The third foot of line nine is an anapaest. 

7. Extract from Saxe. — Caught modifies ivorm ; it is understood 
before Served ; and right is an adverb. 

The last foot of line four, and the last of line five, in this witty 
extract, may be scanned as amphibrachs. 

8. Extract from Taylor. — Scarce = scarcely ; the adj. clauses 
Where . . . weal, where . . . greed, and Where . . . meditates modify 
communities ; hand in hand modifies some word understood, as walk- 
ing ; of God's gift completes was; some phrase, as to him, is under- 
stood after gift; means and highway are explanatory of Supremacy . 
Whilst . . . meditates, a time clause here used as co-ordinate with the 
preceding clause ; and from first and to last modify sonic word under- 
stood, as counted. 

The first foot in line four and in line six is a trochee. Unless 
slurred, the third foot in each of the lines two. five, and ten is an 



1 24 Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 

anapaest. Where power and to power, in lines seven and nine, arc 
amphibrach*, unless power is here a monosyllable. 

The license allowed poets in respect to ellipsis is here illustrated. 
In this ami in 9 there is scarcely any imagery, and the thought is kepi 
uppermost. 

9. Extract from Wordsworth. — Visitants, ind. with being under- 
stood : sheep, stone-chat, and sand-piper, complements of (being) : hour 
is adverbial; how lovely 7 is, object clause of seest ; and beauteous 
completes becoming understood. 

The first foot of lines one and seven is a trochee. The last fool of 
seven and the second of line thirteen are anapaests. Unless slurred, 
the first foot of twelve is an amphibrach. 

10. Extract from Tennyson. — Brethren . . . Accompanying, an abso- 
lute phrase ; slowly and with bent brows modify Accompanying ; Full- 
summer, an adverb ; whereon . . . lay, an adj. clause : length, a noun, 
adverbial : Loyal belongs to creature : servitor is explanatory <>!' crea- 
ture; eyes Winking and face twisted are absolute phrases; farewell, an 
imperative used interjectionally : and all (— wholly) modifies in tears. 

The last foot of line three and of line ten is an anapaest. The first 
foot in line eight, in nine, and in fifteen is a trochee. The fourth of 
line fourteen is an amphibrach. 

11. Extract from Shakespeare. — Dear my lord = my dear had : 
who relates to he understood; And, in line seven, connects makes to 
Robs. 

The third foot of line two is an anapaest, and the first <>f line -i\ 
may be a trochee. 

12. Extract from Milton. — The time clause When . . . chid, mod- 
ities ask; how. . . wide and talent are objects <>!' consider; to hide 
which, subject of is; the participle Lodged is completed by useless; 
supply is before bent; lest. . . chide, purpose clause and modifies To 
scree and (to) present; light denied is an absolute phrase : and also 
emphasizes They. 

This noble sonnet, personal and path. 'tic at the beginning, lake- on 
a grandeur, as it nears the close, that stamp- it a- Milton's. The last 
line i> often quoted. 

Linr ten begins with a trochee. 



Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 125 

13. Extract from Whittier. — Restored is objective eomp. of sees ; 

and round his board modifies restored. 

It moistens the lips merely to read these homely lines. The prevail- 
ing foot is the anapaest. But the first foot of line two, of four, of 
seven, and of eight is an iambus. Lines seven and eight can be scanned 
in other ways — the first three feet as amphibrachs, and the fourth as 
an iambus ; or the first as an amphibrach, the second as an iambus, 
and the third and fourth as anapaests. Ah of line one may be a 
monosyllabic foot, and the second foot an iambus — if you choose. 

14. Extract from Shelley. — Moon is objective eomp. of catt ; 
strewn, modifies floor : only modifies angels; Like is an adverb ; on 
high modifies me : and each is explanatory of rirer. lakes, and seas. 

\J -T- \J -I- \J W -£_ \J ' X- \j 

That orb | ed maiden | with white | fire laden, 

Whom mor | tals call | the moon. 
Glides glim | mering o'er | my fleece- | like floor. 

By the mid | night bree | zes strewn : 
And wherev | er the beat | of her 1111 | seen feet. 

Which only | the an | gels hear. 

\j kj ■*- ^~> \j -?- \j \j -*- ^j -i- 

May have bro | ken the woof | of my tent's | thin roof. 

The stars | peep behind | her and peer : 

And I laugh | to see | them whirl | and flee 

Like a swarm | of gold j en bees. 

KJ \J J- KJ KJ J- w \~> -L. \J X- 

When I wid | en the rent | in my wind- | built lent. 

KJ KJ -±- \J \J' J. k_j J- 

Till the calm | river, lakes. | and seas. 
Like strips | of the sky | fallen through | me on high, 
Are each paved | with the moon | and these. 



126 Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 

This stanza is a product of the pure imagination. Its flight is lofty. 

It has none of the vagueness and crudity of the other stanzas of the 
poem and of so much of Shelley's other poetry. It is crowded with 
audacious, and yet exquisite, imagery. 

Its rhythm is so varied that we have thought it best to insert the 
stanza here, and to mark its feet. The variety of rhythm is rest t'ul and 
pleasing to the ear. Make the first foot of line one and of line three 
an amphibrach, and the first of six an iambus — if you choose. 

15. Extract from Goldsmith. — As . . . slow, a time clause modifying 
came; swain, herd, geese, children, voice, and laugh, all repeated by 
These, are ind. by pleonasm. 

These lines, and those from Cowper, below, are pitched in a lower 
key than Shelley's. The teacher will meet with no trouble in scanning 
them. 

16. Extract from Byron. — The five inf. phrases, repeated by This, 
are ind. by pleonasm. Between To and trace, slowly is inserted. There 
is usage for this, though the prevailing custom among writers is 
against it. Unseen and alone complete climb and lean. 

This kind of stanza, invented by Edmund Spenser, is called the 
Spenserian stanza. It has nine lines — the last line having an extra 
foot. Note what lines rhyme. 

17. Extract from Lowell. — (That) If . . .forth is a result clause 
modifying so ; (that) the dark . . .forth i- explanatory of // .- long 
modifies siege ; And connects had gathered and had cast : and binding 
belongs to castle. 

Another brilliant stanza glittering with imagery. 

The rhythm is so varied that we insert the lines and scan them. 

\j x w x \J \J X. \J x 

The draw | bridge dropped | with a sur | ly clang. 

^ X w \J X \_j X W X 

And through | the dark arch | a char | ger sprang, 
Bearing | Sir Launfal. | the maid | en knight. 

\J X KJ X. \_> X \-> X 

In his gild | ed mail. | that flamed | so bright 

^J X \^i v^/ X. ^ \U X. \J X 

It seemed | the dark cas | tie had gath | ereil all 



Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 12 J 

Those shafts | the fierce sun | had shot o | ver its wall 

\J \J J- \J \J ^. W JL. \J -L. 

In his siege | of three hun | dred sum j mers long, 
And, bind | iug them all | in one blaz | ing sheaf. 

W J- \j J- \_> -Z. \J -L. 

Had east | them forth : | so, young | and strong. 

And light | some as | a lo | eust leaf, 

Sir Launfal | flashed forth | in his un | scarred mail 

\^j J- w V^ _£. \J \^, J- \J -L- 

To seek | in all climes | for the Ho | ly Grail. 

18. Extract from Oowper. — Be . . . wea kn ess is a concessive clause: 
the meaning of it, in line one, is made clear by lines two, three, and 
four ; and that of scene, in line three, by the last ten lines of the page. 
But these lines are not grammatically explanatory of the two words. 
And, line four, connects is and the second feels : none — no sight : wall 
and name subsisting, bench destroyed, and ones Playing are absolute 
phrases: unbuttoned and hot are adjectives belonging to ones: and 
connects Playing and {playing) : while deep employed and Tho' . . . 
hewed are contracted clauses ; to kneel, (to) draw, (to) knuckle. To pitch. 
and (to) drive modify happy; and That . . . again is a result clause. 
modifying Such. 

19. Extract from Carlyle. — Considering, used absolutely, has, as 
objects, the noun state and the two how clauses : upwards, an adverb 
connected by and to the adverb phrase for . . . years: only and also 
modify the clauses in which they stand : expand more fiercely than 
ever into burns more fiercely than erer if bunted, and for so that. 
introducing a result clause, see foot-note, p. 114. 

Reading Carlyle is like riding over a corduroy road. It is tonic and 
invigorating — if done intermittingly. 

20. Extract from Charming. — The participles tearing, breaking, 
sentencing, and extorting are objective complements of see and belong 
to word; for myriads . . . to make, see note :>. "Key" ; and vailing 
and means are objective complements of make. 



128 Hints for the Study of the Extracts. 

These sentences arc clear and flowing. The judgment they pro- 
nounce is temperate and just. 

21. Extract from Emerson. — The clause wherein . . . perfection and 
the w hen clauses modify days; to desire completes is; and of — con- 
cern iny. 

These are the words of a rhetorician and the thoughts of ;i poet. 

22. Extract from Holmes. — The clause nobody ...(// has lain) is 
parenthetical ; grass growing is the principal term of the phrase intro- 
duced by with, and this phrase modifies had lain : as if were, paren- 
thetical : all (= completely) modifies round; brown completes is done; 
enough modifies brown; and the degree clause introduced by than 
modifies sooner. 

This is a brilliant and characteristic passage : idiomatic, and full of 
familiar illustrations enforcing lofty lessons. 

23. Extract from Greeley. — Wherewith is a conjunctive adverb ; 
as the Editings sphere is ephemeral; though . . . it is a compound 
concessive clause modifying demands, which has. as objects, ear, heart, 
and pen; and centuries is adverbial, modifying ago. 

The closing lines are full of satire. 

24. Extract from Irving. — To sweeten, an inf. phrase of purpose 
modifying was laid; and expedient is explanatory of the clause which 

. . . ceiling. 

The genial humor of Irving, the best loved of ;ill our author-, i- seen 
in this passage, though it is not seen here at it > best, 



